Signs and symptoms that contribute to INSOMNIA

Insomnia itself may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. However, there are several signs and symptoms that are related to insomnia.

There is a list of symptoms that associated with insomnia. However, every person may experience different symptoms than the another person who have insomnia problems, all the specific symptoms are depends on individual's conditions. Following table is the list of symptoms associated with insomnia.

Signs and symptoms	Description
1) Anxiety  (Psychological & Psychosocial factor)	Lack of sleep or poor sleep quality will significant change in the level of neurotransmitter and affects the brain activity like over activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), so it will increase the level of anxiety. It will lead to serious issue for those who have these sign such as nervous breakdown that causes by over activation of SNS.
2) Compromised performance  (Physiological factor)	People who have insomnia is having difficulty to focus well no matter in school, work or simple task. They are lacking of the mental and physical energy to bring out the best of their ability. Insomnia leads to poor sleep quality that shutting off the prefrontal cortex of the brain, if the person is operating a heavy machinery like driving a lorry, it is high chance to get in accident.
3) Cognitive impairment: (Physiological factor)	Many of the insomnia-induced neural alteration is a common symptoms in the cognitive impairment (Mental Healthy Daily, 2015). It will results the changes in the level of neurotransmission, regional activation and epigenetics. The person who have insomnia with cognitive impairment may be not able to think critically with clear mind and often appear “blur” or “confused”  by suffer from attentional deficits.
4) Daytime sleepiness (Physiology factor)	Some people who experience insomnia will often sleep lesser hours (total sleep quality is low) than other person who don’t, they could not fall asleep at night. This impairment associated with insomnia will leads a person to feeling tired and unrefreshed no matter how he or she sleep for how many hours or severe hours throughout the whole day.
5) Depression (Psychological and Psychosocial factor)	For some people who experience depression will results a direct cause to insomnia. Insomnia will allow you turn off your brain especially the part of prefrontal cortex and lead to sleep restriction, so you will wake up severe times and feeling sad.
6) Difficulty falling asleep (Physiological factor)	People with insomnia feel exhausted when they go to bed, no matter how tired they are, whether is physically or mentally, there are something that will keep them awake all the night. This might cause by behavioral factors like using drugs (marijuana, cocaine ,etc.) , consume caffeine, drinking alcohol, Wi-Fi radiation and bright screen.
7) Fatigue (Physiological and Psychosocial factor)	Majority with insomnia report feeling extreme fatigue and tiredness during the daytime. Symptom of insomnia may be showing if you feel lethargic both, mentally and physically.
8) Gastrointestinal distress (Physiological factor)	Gastrointestinal distress will lead to person associated with insomnia who experience stomach cramps, aches, digestive problems these serious medical condition. They often suffer from the pain in GI distress that results insomnia and difficult to fall asleep.
9) Grogginess (Physiological factor)	Feeling “dazed” can make difficult to get out from the bed or after getting out of bed will result in a feeling of tiredness throughout the day. This may indicate that you are out of tune with your body’s natural sleep cycles and circadian rhythm.
10) Headaches (Physiological factor)	Serious headaches such as migraines contribute to the extreme pain  in head that keeps them awake during the night.
11) Prolonged sleep-onset latency (Physiological factor)	If you encounter a prolonged sleep-onset latency, it means that a long time is needed for you to fall asleep after lying down on the bed.  Sleep-onset latency refers to the duration of time it takes to accomplish the transition from wakefulness to sleep.  .
12) Waking up in the middle of the night (Psychological factor)	If you cannot maintain your sleep throughout the night, meaning that the frequency of waking up during the night is high without any apparent reason, you may have sleep-maintenance insomnia. Those with sleep-maintenance insomnia have medical conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and/or a sub optimal sleep environment.
13) Feeling worry and anxious about sleep (Physiological factor)	A constant feeling of worry and anxiety about whether you will be able to fall asleep at night , whether you are going to get enough sleep, or whether you are going to stay asleep throughout the night – this could be a sign of insomnia.

In conclusion, consult a doctor or health professional if insomnia is interrupting your daily activities. Receiving treatment may help you get rid of those symptoms and problems related to insomnia as finding and treating those problems could improve your overall health and sleep.

REFERENCES

Peter Crosta M.A. MediLexicon International Ltd (2015). Insomnia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments.  Retrieved October 06, 2016, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155.php?page=2

Mental Health Blog (2015). Insomnia Symptoms & Signs .Retrieved October 06, 2016, from http://mentalhealthdaily.com/2015/05/25/insomnia-symptoms-signs-list/